Loitering
munitions, also known as ¡°suicide drones¡± or ¡°kamikaze drones,¡± are a
hybrid weapon system that combines the features of a drone and a guided
missile. Unlike traditional missiles that strike directly after launch,
loitering munitions can remain airborne for extended periods, surveilling a
designated area and waiting for a target before engaging. This allows for
greater precision, flexibility, and real-time decision-making in battlefield
scenarios. Equipped with cameras, sensors, and GPS guidance, they can be operated
manually or autonomously, providing both offensive strike capability and
reconnaissance support. Their ability to hover over an area and strike only
when a high-value target is identified makes them highly effective in modern
asymmetric warfare.
These systems have gained increasing prominence due to their
relatively low cost, portability, and effectiveness against armored vehicles,
radar stations, and air defense systems. Countries across the world, including
the United States, Israel, Turkey, and Russia, have developed and deployed
loitering munitions for both tactical and strategic purposes. Recent conflicts,
such as in Ukraine, the Middle East, and the South Caucasus, have highlighted
their growing role in shifting the balance of modern warfare, especially
against traditional military assets. As technology advances, loitering
munitions are being enhanced with artificial intelligence, swarm capabilities,
and longer endurance, raising both opportunities for more precise targeting and
concerns about proliferation, misuse, and ethical implications in warfare.
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